This subtype also battles antisocial personality disorder at high rates and regularly has issues with the law and therefore criminal or legal troubles as well. As this review has outlined, throughout the past 150 years, researchers and clinicians have developed numerous typological classifications of alcoholism. These classifications have distinguished alcoholism subtypes based on a multitude of defining characteristics, including drinking patterns, consequences of drinking, personality characteristics, and coexisting psychiatric disorders. As shown in table 2, similar alcoholic subtypes can be categorized within two broad groups, called the Apollonian and Dionysian types, based on recurrent characteristics of the drinkers. This subtype starts to drink earlier than other groups—around the age of 17—and becomes dependent earlier, usually by age 32.
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This subtype of alcoholics is the most likely to seek treatment and the most heavily represented type of alcoholic in a treatment program. About two-thirds of chronic severe alcoholics https://ecosoberhouse.com/ get help for their drinking. More than half of young antisocial alcoholics have a family history of alcoholism, and around half also struggle with antisocial personality disorder.
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Family members and adults may assume that the young adult will then “grow out of it” and do not see the drinking as a potential ongoing or long-lasting issue. Chronic severe alcoholics have the highest rate of family members who also experience alcohol dependence at 77%. People with ASPD are 21 times more likely to develop alcohol dependence in their lifetimes.
Greek and Roman mythology attributes the characteristics of contemplation, intellect, artistic creativity, and self-restraint to the god Apollo. As suggested in the subtypes grouped under this designation, when alcohol dependence develops in such an individual, typically after years of socially approved heavy drinking, it presents in a more benign form. Consequently, Apollonian subtypes include alcoholics who are characterized by later onset, a slower disease course, fewer complications, less 5 types of alcoholics psychological impairment, and a better prognosis. In contrast, the god Dionysius was known for his drunken revelry, sexual abandonment, and physical aggression. When alcohol dependence develops in this type of personality, it can be identified by the subtype characteristics of pathological drinking and drunken comportment. Thus, Dionysian subtypes of alcoholics are characterized by early onset, more severe symptomatology, greater psychological vulnerability, and more personality disturbance.
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Highly likely to have immediate family members with alcoholism, they also have a high probability of experiencing antisocial personality disorder, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and bipolar disorder. These individuals also have high rates of cigarette, marijuana, and cocaine addiction. This subtype of alcoholics is relatively young, about 26 to 27 years old, with 75 percent being male.
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- They often seek help at self-help groups, rehabilitation programs, and detox programs.
- This group has a high rate of co-occurring mental illness, with roughly half of them coping with clinical depression and 20 percent with bipolar disorder.
They are more likely to have co-occurring mental health disorders, complicating their alcohol addiction treatment. People in this subtype begin drinking at roughly 15 years of age, developing a dependency at about 29. Seventy-seven percent have close family members with alcoholism, the highest percentage of any subtype. Nearly 50% experience antisocial personality disorder, the second-highest rate of any subtype. People in the chronic severe subtype are the most likely of any group to experience major depression, dysthymia, bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, and panic disorder.
